HYDROLOGY

Hydrology- is a scientific field that studies water, including surface and underground water, their properties, movement, circulation and effects. This science deeply analyzes the dynamics of water in relation to climate, soil, ecosystems and human activities.

The main areas of hydrology

1. Study of surface waters

o Research of water quantity, flow and quality of rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

o Water cycle processes: evaporation, precipitation, flow.

2. Study of underground water

o Features of wells, reservoirs and aquifers (underground water layers).

o Recovery speed and quality of water resources.

3. Connection with climate

o Study the impact of water resources on climate change.

o Precipitation and water flow forecasting.

4. Ocean and marine hydrology (oceanography)

o Physical properties of seas and oceans: salinity, temperature, currents.

o Environmental monitoring of coastal water bodies.

5. Hydrometric observations

o Measuring the water level in rivers and determining the flow rate.

o Precipitation measurement and hydrological data collection.

Importance of hydrology

1. Water resources management

Planning for efficient and sustainable water use, supply for agriculture, industry and drinking water.

2. Prevention of emergencies

o Determining the risk of floods and droughts.

o Predicting natural disasters and reducing damage.

3. Environmental protection

Conservation of ecosystems, including lakes, wetlands and rivers.

4. Infrastructure construction

Use of hydrological data in the design of bridges, reservoirs and irrigation systems.

Modern technologies in hydrology

• GIS technologies: Creating geographic maps of water resources.

• Drones and satellites: Monitoring of water flows and territories.

• Mathematical modeling: Creating models for water resources management and forecasting.